Linear Switches: The Ultimate Guide for Keyboard Modders and Enthusiasts

Linear switches are a popular choice for mechanical keyboards thanks to their smooth, consistent typing action. They do not provide tactile feedback or audible clicks, which appeals to many gamers and typists. 

The legendary manufacturer Cherry designed the first linear switch, Cherry MX Black, in the 1980s. Since then, other manufacturers have designed and released many new linear switch models with different properties. 

What are Linear Switches? 

A linear switch is a type of mechanical keyboard switch. When typing with a linear switch, there is no tactile feedback or audible click sound.

Linear switches use the same basic components as other mechanical keyboard switches: a stem, a spring, an electrical contact, and a housing. Housings are made of two separate pieces, the upper and lower housing, which fit together around the other components.  

How Do Linear Switches Work? 

Keycaps fit on top of each linear switch for easy key identification. 

As you press each key, the stem slides downward, compressing the spring and closing the electrical contact. This sends a signal to your computer, registering the key input. The key will continue to travel downward until it reaches the bottom of the switch or the keyboard housing. 

When you release the key, the spring expands, pushing the stem upwards and opening the electrical contact. This ends the keystroke, and the computer stops registering input. 

Linear switches do not have a tactile feedback 'bump' on the stem, so the force used to press them increases uniformly during every part of the keystroke. This is where the name 'linear' comes from, and it is responsible for their smooth typing feel. 

Linear Switches vs. Tactile and Clicky Switches

All three switch types have similar internal designs with minor tweaks. Tactile switches include a slight bump on the stem, which creates their signature tactile feedback, and clicky switches also contain a 'click jacket' or 'click bar,' which creates their distinctive sound. 

When considering different switch types, try to do as much personal testing as possible. Everyone has their own preferences, so use these guidelines as a starting point, not a final decision. 

Linear vs. Tactile Switches 

Linear switches feel smooth when you press them, while tactile switches have a slight 'bump' of resistance that you have to overcome to complete the keystroke. This also makes linear switches silent, while tactile switches make a very quiet sound with each keystroke. 

Linear switches are faster for the same reason, which makes them prized for fast-paced gaming and speed typing. The slight bump in a tactile switch helps to prevent accidental keystrokes, so they are often preferred by typists who care more about accuracy than speed. 

Linear vs. Clicky Switches 

Compared to the smooth, silent action of a linear switch, click switches have a 'bump' of tactile resistance and make a loud 'click' noise when pressed. Many gamers feel that linear switches are better for gaming, while clicky switches are preferred by some typists who enjoy the loud audible feedback. 

Linear Switch Materials and Construction 

Different materials can change the sound and feel of a switch. There is a lot of discussion about how materials affect switch sounds, but it's important to remember that they are almost like a musical chord that combines multiple notes. 

If you put a POM stem in a nylon housing, are you hearing the POM, the nylon, or the combination? Add in different plastic densities/blends, spring types, keyboard housings, and vibration-dampening layers (plus even more), and you'll realize that the only fair way to compare sounds is to test them in your keyboard.

Housing Materials

Linear switch housings use one of several common plastics with slightly different properties. The most common plastics in use are nylon, polycarbonate (PC), polyoxymethylene (POM), and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).

The conventional wisdom is that nylon produces a deeper sound, PC is sharper, and POM and UHMWPE are quiet and smooth. Just remember that every other element of the switch will affect these base properties. 

Stem Materials

Linear switch stems are typically made from the same four plastics: nylon, PC, POM, or UHMWPE. Each material has a different smoothness, which also directly affects its durability. 

Nylon has the roughest feel of the four, but it's also the most durable. PC is smoother than nylon, but it's less durable. UHMWPE is the smoothest, but it's also the softest, which makes it less durable than POM. POM is arguably the best balance between smoothness and durability, which is why it is one of the most popular stem materials. 

Spring Types

Linear switch springs use steel construction, but variations in spring type still create different typing experiences. 

Standard springs have the classic 'linear switch' resistance feel, while slow springs have a more gradual increase in resistance.  Progressive springs have a rapid increase in resistance, which may help you avoid accidental keystrokes. 

Some manufacturers use gold-plated steel springs for better corrosion resistance and a slightly different feel, but there is some debate about how noticeable the effect is. 

What are the Benefits of Using Linear Switches?

Smooth Keystrokes Without Tactile Bump

This is the biggest advantage of a linear switch. The smooth press and reset action can give you an extra speed advantage, whether you're gaming or speed typing. It might not be enough to turn an average gamer into a pro, but every millisecond counts. 

Many people also note that linear switches are more comfortable to use for extended, all-day typing sessions. This will vary from person to person, but it's worth exploring. 

Quieter Operation Compared to Clicky/Tactile Switches

Linear switches are nearly silent, so they're perfect for quiet spaces and work environments. Tactile switches are fairly quiet, but nowhere near as quiet as linears. Clicky switches are so loud that some businesses have actually banned their usage to prevent distractions. 

Consistent Actuation Force Throughout Key Press

The linear force progression that gives these switches their name also has a surprising effect on typing. Because you don't have to think about the variation in force, it's easier to get into a consistent rhythm, giving you an advantage in speed and accuracy.

When to Use Linear Switches

For Competitive Gaming 

Smooth keypresses with no tactile bump can speed up key actuation and rebound, giving you an edge in your game. It's not a huge speed advantage, but every bit helps. Games that require rapid, consistent keystrokes will get the most benefit. 

For Fast and Efficient Typing 

If your current keyboard causes finger fatigue after a full day of typing, you may benefit from the smooth, consistent action of linear switches. Some typists prefer tactile switches, but expert typists can get a speed and efficiency boost. 

For a Quieter Keyboard Experience 

Linear switches are the quietest of the three popular switch types. This is essential for minimizing keyboard noise in shared workspaces, but it's also a huge advantage for live streaming, recording, and other content creation tasks. 

Best Linear Switch Models 

Remember: everyone's experience is different, so always test switches for yourself! 

Best For Gaming

The best linear switch for gaming is the wildly popular Cherry MX Red. Thanks to the low actuation force of 45gf, the keystroke is smooth and light. 2mm to actuation and a 4mm total travel distance give it a fast rebound without being too fast. They're also rated for 100 million keystrokes, so your WASD switches will last many years. 

Best For Smooth Typing

Gateron Reds are the best linear switches for smooth typing. They are considered similar to Cherry MX Reds but with an even smoother feel. They have the same 45gf actuation force and 4mm total travel but a slightly longer actuation distance of 2.3mm. 

Best For Competitive Gaming

Razer Linear Optical switches register key input using infrared light instead of physical switches, making them popular among competitive gamers who want to save every millisecond. They have an extremely short actuation distance of just 1.2mm and a total travel of 3.5mm. Combined with 45gf actuation, these are extremely fast switches! 

Most Versatile Linear Switch

Gateron Yellow is a nice balance between light and heavy switches. They have a slightly heavier 50 gf actuation force than the rest of the options here, with 2mm actuation and 4mm total travel. This makes them a good choice for both typing and gaming. 

Best Cheap Linear Switch

Outemu Reds are the best cheap linear switch, and they're often compared to Cherry MX Reds. They're a tiny fraction lighter at 44 gf, with a 1.9mm actuation distance and 3.9mm total travel. Outemu switches tend to be a bit less durable and stable than other manufacturers, but they're also the most affordable. 

How to Choose the Right Linear Switch?

Consider Actuation Force

Actuation force is the amount of force you have to apply to the switch before it registers your input. It is measured in centinewtons (cN) or gram force (gf), which are nearly identical (1 gf is equal to 0.981 cN). The typical range is 35 to 70gf.  

Lighter switches are easier to press, which helps prevent fatigue, but can also cause typos. Heavier switches can cause slightly more fatigue over time, but accidental keystrokes are less likely. When in doubt, start with a medium switch.

Light Linear Switches 

Light switches have an actuation force ranging from 35gf to 45gf. Cherry MX Reds and Gateron Reds are popular light linear switches for gaming, typing, and general usage. 

Medium Linear Switches 

Medium switches usually have a 50-55gf actuation force. Gateron Yellows are among the most popular examples, suitable for typing, gaming, and office tasks. 

Heavy Linear Switches 

Heavy switches have actuation forces of 60gf and up. The very first Cherry mechanical switch, Cherry MX Black, is a heavy switch still popular with typists, but Gateron Ink Black V2 is also popular. Heavier switches are harder to press accidentally, which can improve typing accuracy. 

Consider Actuation Distance

Actuation distance is the total distance that the key must travel before it registers. Short distances can increase your speed, but they can also cause more typos until you adjust to them. Longer distances can improve your accuracy but lower your speed. 

Like actuation force, start with the standard unless you have a specific need. 

Short Linear Switches 

These switches have extremely short actuation distances under 2mm, suitable for fast-paced gaming and speed typing. The new Razer Linear Optical switch has an actuation distance of just 1.3mm, making it one of the fastest linear switches available. 

Standard Linear Switches 

The standard actuation distance is around 2mm but can vary slightly. These switches will feel "normal" to most people, and they're well suited to general usage. Unless you're a competitive gamer or a speed typer, this is the best place to start. Cherry MX Reds, Outemu Red, and Gateron Yellow all use standard actuation distances. 

Long Linear Switches 

Actuation distances above 2mm are considered long, but there aren't many switches that go far above 2mm. Gateron Ink Black V2 actuation is at 2.4mm, and Gateron Reds are 2.3mm, but few others use longer distances. Some typists prefer longer distances for greater accuracy, but there seems to be a limited return when you exceed 2mm. 

Compatibility with Keyboard

Make sure your chosen switches are compatible with your keyboard! Some keyboards use 3-pin switches, while others use 5-pin switches. 5-pin switches can be converted to 3-pin switches by clipping off the two additional plastic pins, but 3-pin switches may be unstable in a 5-pin keyboard. 

Some mechanical keyboards use hot-swappable switches that can be removed easily, but some solder the switches in place. These models require soldering skills to change switch types. 

Other Factors

You should also consider sound profile and durability when selecting your switches, but these are not as important as actuation force and distance. Sound profiles are hard to compare without having the switches in front of you, and most switches are durable enough for years of heavy daily use. 

How to Install Linear Switches

Note: this guide is for hot-swappable switches only!

Tools Needed for Installation

• Keycap puller
• Switch puller
• Clean microfiber cloth (optional)

Step-by-Step Installation Guide

1. Make sure the keyboard is off and unplugged.
2. Use the keycap puller to remove all keycaps. Optionally, wipe your keyboard with a clean microfiber cloth to remove dirt, dust, and debris before it gets into your keyboard housing.
3. Using the switch puller, remove the switch(es) you want to replace. Pull gently straight upward to avoid damaging your keyboard PCB. 
4. Align the switch pins with the socket, and press gently into place. Repeat for each key.
5. Replace keycaps. 

Testing After Installation

After the installation is finished, plug in your keyboard, turn it on, and start testing each key. If you notice any issues, repeat the installation process above on the affected switch to correct any issues. 

Modding Linear Switches 

These advanced mods require the use of a switch opener to disassemble the switch. 

Lubrication

Lubrication is the simplest switch mod, but it also provides the most benefit for the least work. You'll need a special linear switch lube like Krytox 205g0 or Tribosys 3204, but each type has its own characteristics (yes, yet another variable!). Lubricating switches will improve the smoothness of each keypress, but many switches are pre-lubricated at the factory. 

Film Installation

Switch films fit between the upper and lower switch housings. These thin adhesive layers can improve the stability, sound, and feel of your linear switches. Several different film types exist, including polycarbonate, polyurethane, PLA, HTV silicone, and more. 

Spring Swapping

By swapping springs, you can modify the keystroke force curve of your linear switches. Different springs will have a different typing feel, and they may change the sound of each keystroke. Most linear switches use standard springs, but you can swap in slow springs for a smoother keystroke or progressive springs for a faster increase in resistance. 

Linear Switches in Custom Keyboards

Hotswap vs. Soldered PCBs

Hotswappable and soldered keyboards each have their pros and cons. Hotswap keyboards make it easy to experiment with different switch types, but some users find them less stable to type on. They also tend to be more expensive than soldered models.

On a soldered PCB, you need soldering skills to swap switches, but the soldering provides some extra key stability. If you are sure about your switch preferences (or you just don't mind soldering), then these models provide more long-term durability. 

Switch Plate Materials

Switch plates hold your switches in place, and different materials can impact typing feel, sound profile, and vibration. They can be made from aluminum, brass, PC, POM, or flame retardant-4 (FR4), which is the same material as the PCB itself. Aluminum and brass are stiffer, while PC and POM are softer with a deeper sound. FR4 fits in the middle of the pack, making it a good choice. 

Keycap Compatibility

Keycaps fit onto each switch, but there are several connection standards. Cherry's MX stem system has a head start on the others, but ALPS, box, and Topre stems are also available. If you want a specific keycap set, make sure it's compatible with your linear switches. 

Conclusion

As you can see, the world of linear keyboard switches is more complex than it might seem. Linear switches come in various models that will suit almost everyone, but advanced users can modify their linear switches for a custom typing experience. No matter what type you choose, the smooth keystroke and fast actuation/rebound of a linear switch are perfect for any fast-paced gaming or speed-typing situation. 

Just remember: always test switches for yourself when you can! 

 

Linear Switches | FAQs 

Can I Use Linear Switches With Any Keyboard? 

Yes, you can use linear switches with any mechanical keyboard. Some mechanical keyboards use hot-swappable switches that are easy to remove and replace, while other designs use switches that require soldering skills. 

What Are The Signs That A Linear Switch Needs To Be Replaced? 

Several signs can indicate that a linear switch needs to be replaced. If the switch is unresponsive, it obviously needs replacement, but sticky switches, key chatter, and changes in actuation force can all indicate physical problems with your linear switches. 

Can I Modify The Actuation Force Or Travel Distance Of Linear Switches? 

Yes, you can modify both actuation force and travel distance in linear switches by adding or replacing certain components. You can change the spring to modify the actuation force, and you can adjust the stem to change the travel distance.

What is Frankenswitching? 

Frankenswitching is the process of combining parts from different stock switches to create a new custom switch design. Named after the classic novel Frankenstein, frankenswitches allow advanced keyboard enthusiasts to create switches with properties that meet their exact needs.